Question 1

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 2

A patient presents with a creaking sound heard with a stethoscope over the heart. Which condition is most likely responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Pericardial friction rub due to pericarditis

Question 3

Which layer of the heart wall contains spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells and anchors cardiac muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 4

During ventricular contraction, which structure prevents the atrioventricular (AV) valves from inverting into the atria?

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae anchored to papillary muscles

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium $$\rightarrow$$ tricuspid valve $$\rightarrow$$ right ventricle $$\rightarrow$$ pulmonary semilunar valve $$\rightarrow$$ pulmonary trunk $$\rightarrow$$ lungs

Question 6

A blockage in the anterior interventricular artery would most directly affect blood supply to which region of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of valve stenosis in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Heart must exert more force to pump blood through stiff valve flaps

Question 8

Which statement best explains why the systemic circuit is considered a high-friction circulation?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, encountering greater resistance and requiring higher pressure

Question 9

A patient suffers a myocardial infarction that results in noncontractile scar tissue. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently

Question 10

Which of the following structures allows the heart to function as a syncytium, enabling coordinated contraction?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells

Question 11

If the left coronary artery is occluded, which area of the heart is most at risk for ischemia?

Accepted Answer

Interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for blood flow through the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium $$\rightarrow$$ mitral valve $$\rightarrow$$ left ventricle $$\rightarrow$$ aortic semilunar valve $$\rightarrow$$ aorta $$\rightarrow$$ body tissues

Question 13

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 14

A patient with excess fluid in the pericardial cavity is at risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the endocardium?

Accepted Answer

Lines heart chambers and covers cardiac skeleton of valves

Question 16

Which vein collects blood from the anterior interventricular sulcus and drains into the coronary sinus?

Accepted Answer

Great cardiac vein

Question 17

Which anatomical landmark is palpated between the fifth and sixth ribs, just below the left nipple?

Accepted Answer

Apex (apical impulse)

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cardiac skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Limits spread of action potentials to specific paths

Question 19

Which structure increases atrial volume and is found as an appendage on each atrium?

Accepted Answer

Auricle

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the pulmonary circuit is considered a low-pressure circulation?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood only to the lungs, which have low resistance

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: Structure, Function, and Circulation

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