Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the right side of the heart?

Accepted Answer

It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit.

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 3

What is the main function of the pericardial fluid?

Accepted Answer

To reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures during contraction

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the valve and its location?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary semilunar valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

A patient has a blockage in the left anterior descending artery. Which region of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the cardiac conduction system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The SA node sets the pace of the heart and is known as the pacemaker.

Question 8

During the pacemaker cell action potential, which ions are primarily responsible for the full depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+})$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body through the systemic circuit, requiring higher pressure.

Question 10

Which hormone is produced by the atria of the heart and helps lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following is a typical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain radiating to the left arm

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the auricles of the atria?

Accepted Answer

They increase the volume capacity of the atria.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

ANP lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium excretion in the kidneys.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit is a low-pressure circuit that pumps blood to the lungs.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the heart requires its own coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

The myocardium is too thick for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from the blood inside the chambers to all of the organ’s cells.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the property of cardiac muscle cells known as autorhythmicity?

Accepted Answer

They set their own rhythm without a need for input from the nervous system.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: Structure, Function, and Electrophysiology

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