Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support, regulate the chemical environment, and nourish neurons.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary motor control

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the blood-brain barrier is essential for normal brain function?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding brain cells.

Question 4

Which glial cell is responsible for producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 5

A person is startled by a loud noise, causing their heart rate and blood pressure to increase rapidly. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It relays sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 7

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is damaged, which function would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory information from the body to the CNS

Question 8

Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 9

A patient with damage to Broca's area would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Processing of emotions and memory

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of neurons ($$N$$), the average energy consumption per neuron ($$E_n$$), and the total energy consumption of the brain ($$E_{total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{total} = N 	imes E_n$$

Question 12

A patient presents with loss of fine motor control and tremors. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the ventricular system?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia?

Accepted Answer

They act as the main immune defense in the CNS by phagocytosis.

Question 15

A person is experiencing increased digestion and decreased heart rate after a meal. Which neurotransmitter and division of the nervous system are primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine; Parasympathetic division

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why damage to the hippocampus can result in memory deficits?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is critical for the formation of new memories.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate rapid conduction of action potentials.

Question 18

A patient has difficulty regulating body temperature, hunger, and hormone release. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons carry information from organs to the brain, while efferent neurons carry information from the brain to the organs.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the cerebral cortex is highly folded?

Accepted Answer

Folding increases the surface area, allowing for more neurons and greater processing power.

Anatomy & Physiology of the Nervous System: Exam 1 Review Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드