Question 1

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 2

A patient presents with a lateral curvature of the spine. Which abnormal spinal curvature does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Question 3

Which of the following is the main inorganic component of bone responsible for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, which structure is replaced by bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage model

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Build new bone matrix

Question 6

A child’s long bone shows an epiphyseal plate. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Bone is still growing in length

Question 7

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines, thereby supporting bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 8

Which of the following is a structural classification of joints that allows the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Question 9

The quadriceps femoris group is located in the anterior thigh. Which muscle is NOT part of this group?

Accepted Answer

Biceps femoris

Question 10

Which protein forms the thick filament in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 11

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Stores and releases calcium ions

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

During the cross bridge cycle, what causes myosin to release from actin?

Accepted Answer

Binding of ATP to myosin

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the calculation for the total number of vertebrae in an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$C + T + L + S + Co$$

Question 15

A synovial joint is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Direct fusion of bone ends

Question 16

Which muscle property allows a muscle to respond to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Excitability

Question 17

Which movement occurs at a ball-and-socket synovial joint, such as the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

All angular and rotational movements

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulse arrives, synaptic vesicles release ACh, ACh diffuses, ACh binds, Na+ enters, action potential generated

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of an isometric contraction?

Accepted Answer

Holding a plank position

Question 20

A patient with a fracture in the crural region has broken a bone in which area?

Accepted Answer

Leg (between knee and ankle)

Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal and Muscular System Study Guide Walkthrough

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