Q: Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Glucose uptake via Na\textsuperscript{+} gradient

Q: During an action potential, which of the following best describes the sequence of ion channel opening and closing?

Na\textsuperscript{+} channels open first (depolarization), then K\textsuperscript{+} channels open (repolarization), then both close

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 2

Which primary tissue type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Nerve

Question 3

Homeostasis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment compatible with life

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Amplifier

Question 5

A patient is given a drug that blocks all ATP production in their cells. Which type of membrane transport would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires metabolic energy (ATP), passive transport does not

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose uptake via Na	extsuperscript{+} gradient

Question 8

A ligand-gated ion channel will open in response to:

Accepted Answer

Binding of a specific chemical messenger

Question 9

Which of the following best explains how facilitated diffusion carrier proteins move molecules across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific molecules, change shape, and allow passage down the concentration gradient

Question 10

Gap junctions are important in cardiac muscle because they:

Accepted Answer

Allow direct passage of ions and small molecules between cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine signals travel through the blood to distant cells, paracrine signals act locally, autocrine signals act on the same cell

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for G protein-linked ion channel activation?

Accepted Answer

Messenger binds receptor, G protein activated (GDP $$\rightarrow$$ GTP), G protein subunit opens ion channel, ions flow

Question 13

During an action potential, which of the following best describes the sequence of ion channel opening and closing?

Accepted Answer

Na	extsuperscript{+} channels open first (depolarization), then K	extsuperscript{+} channels open (repolarization), then both close

Question 14

What is the function of the absolute refractory period of the axon membrane?

Accepted Answer

It ensures one-way transmission of action potentials and limits their frequency

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are conducted more rapidly along myelinated axons than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons use saltatory conduction, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes

Question 16

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

They are released into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best distinguishes afferent from efferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons carry sensory signals to the CNS; efferent neurons carry motor signals from the CNS

Question 19

A researcher is studying a new drug that increases the breakdown of second messengers in a cell. What effect would this most likely have on cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It would terminate the signal more quickly

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Cells, Tissues, Membranes, and Neural Signaling

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