Question 1

Which hormone is primarily produced by the adrenal cortex and is essential for regulating sodium and potassium balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 2

A patient presents with a tumor in the anterior pituitary lobe (adenohypophysis). Which of the following hormones is LEAST likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for connecting the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary lobe (neurohypophysis), allowing for the direct release of hormones into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Infundibulum

Question 4

A patient with an autoimmune disorder has a reduced number of T lymphocytes. Which gland is most likely underdeveloped or malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They absorb excess interstitial fluid and transport it as lymph.

Question 6

A blockage in the thoracic duct would most directly impair lymph drainage from which region?

Accepted Answer

The left lower limb

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood and removing old red blood cells

Question 8

If the parathyroid glands are accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, which physiological imbalance is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium)

Question 9

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for draining lymph from the right upper quadrant of the body?

Accepted Answer

Right lymphatic duct

Question 10

A patient with a damaged pancreas is likely to have difficulty regulating which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of Peyer’s patches in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 13

A patient has swelling in the axillary region after a mastectomy. Which lymphatic structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the placenta is considered an endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

It secretes hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to support pregnancy.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of lymph from the lower limbs back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → Lumbar trunk → Cisterna chyli → Thoracic duct → Subclavian vein

Question 16

A patient with an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased metabolic rate and weight loss

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of efferent lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

They carry lymph away from lymph nodes.

Question 18

A child with a congenital absence of the thymus would most likely have which of the following clinical problems?

Accepted Answer

Severe immunodeficiency due to lack of mature T cells

Question 19

Which of the following lymphatic structures is located at the base of the thoracic duct and serves as a collecting reservoir for lymph from the lower body?

Accepted Answer

Cisterna chyli

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excessive urination and dehydration

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Endocrine and Lymphatic/Immune Systems

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