Question 1

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid drop in blood glucose levels. Which feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, which will stimulate the release of glucagon to increase blood glucose.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The release of oxytocin during childbirth, which intensifies uterine contractions.

Question 4

Which directional term best describes the relationship of the heart to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 5

A transverse (cross) section of the body divides the body into which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior portions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export from the cell.

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue proper (areolar tissue)?

Accepted Answer

It contains a loose arrangement of fibers and serves as a packing material between other tissues.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Sweat gland

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 16

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of collagen fibers. Which tissue would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a protein channel, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and maintains its fluidity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a body cavity and a major organ found within it?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity – lungs

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundational Concepts, Cells, and Tissues

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