Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correct order of the levels of organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which of the following best explains the movement of water across their cell membranes in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cells by osmosis, from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 4

Given an atom with an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$18 - 8 = 10$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 4 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times more acidic

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

During DNA replication, which base pairs with cytosine (C) on the original DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Guanine (G)

Question 9

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the epidermis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 12

A patient has a burn that affects the epidermis and the entire dermis, but not the underlying tissue. According to the Rule of Nines, which type of burn is this and what is a major concern?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; risk of fluid loss and infection is high

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating a partial negative charge near oxygen and a partial positive charge near hydrogen.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the serous membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs by secreting a lubricating fluid.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain using the sequence of codons on mRNA

Question 16

A cell is observed to have many mitochondria and an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

High levels of protein synthesis and energy production

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

It consists of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They produce melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why denaturation of a protein can be harmful to cell function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation changes the protein's shape, preventing it from performing its specific function.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the production of collagen. Which tissue type is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues

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