Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology focuses on how those parts work.

Question 2

Arrange the following levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex: Organ, Tissue, Atom, Organ System, Cell.

Accepted Answer

Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowering blood sugar after a meal.

Question 4

A perfume spreads across a room from a high concentration to a low concentration. This is an example of which type of gradient?

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient

Question 5

Which statement correctly describes the charge, mass, and location of a neutron?

Accepted Answer

Neutral charge, mass of 1 amu, located in the nucleus

Question 6

Which four elements make up about 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 7

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Isotopes

Question 8

Which type of mixture is blood in a test tube (cells settle out) an example of?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 9

Why is neon chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

It has a full valence shell of electrons.

Question 10

Which of the following best distinguishes a molecule from a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together; a compound is a molecule made of different elements.

Question 11

Which bond type involves unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 12

The bonds in a glucose molecule are a form of which type of energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 13

Which reaction type releases energy and has products with less potential energy than reactants?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 14

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy required

Question 15

Which property of water allows it to cool your body when you sweat?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 16

Why do polar and ionic compounds dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can interact with charged or partially charged molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about acids and bases with respect to hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase H\^+ concentration; bases decrease H\^+ concentration.

Question 18

What does the pH scale measure?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of hydrogen ions (H\^+) in a solution.

Question 19

A buffer helps maintain pH stability by:

Accepted Answer

Absorbing or releasing H\^+ or OH\^- ions.

Question 20

Which of the following best defines an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A substance that produces ions in water, allowing it to conduct electricity.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, and Biological Molecules

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