$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose level rises after eating a meal. Which feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for returning glucose levels to normal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 4

If a person is exposed to cold temperatures, which physiological response best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to generate heat and maintain core body temperature

Question 5

Which anatomical term correctly describes the position of the nose relative to the ears?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 6

A transverse (cross) section of the body divides it into which two portions?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing a primary source of energy for cellular processes

Question 8

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in enzyme-facilitated chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Substrate binds to active site $$\rightarrow$$ enzyme-substrate complex forms $$\rightarrow$$ product is released

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue proper (loose areolar)?

Accepted Answer

Contains a loose arrangement of fibers and abundant ground substance

Question 14

Which of the following glands is classified as an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Sweat gland

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the matrix of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of ground substance and fibers that provide structural support.

Question 16

A patient has a deficiency in ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between passive and active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires ATP.

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the conversion from millimeters to centimeters?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{cm} = \frac{	ext{mm}}{10}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 20

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is characterized by thick bundles of collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundations, Cells, and Tissues

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