Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] of $$this solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function in human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The function of a body part depends on its specific structure, and structure is adapted to perform a particular function.

Question 2

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature when exposed to cold environments. Which characteristic of life is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of the major levels of organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] of $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible?

Accepted Answer

The reactions release energy and the products are removed from the reaction site.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH stability by donating or accepting $$H^+$$ ions as needed.

Question 9

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their phospholipids. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 12

A scientist is studying a tissue that is highly regenerative, lines body surfaces, and is involved in absorption and secretion. Which tissue type is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 14

During aerobic cellular respiration, which step produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line body cavities that do not open to the exterior and secrete lubricating fluid.

Question 16

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of gap junctions. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Rapid communication between cardiac muscle cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is considered an excellent solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Building polymers from monomers by removing a molecule of water

Question 20

A tissue sample is observed to have striations, multiple nuclei per cell, and is under voluntary control. Which tissue type is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Human Body Orientation, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues

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