Question 1

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is inactive, typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

During DNA replication, which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes mitosis from cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

Question 5

During protein synthesis, what is the product of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA ($$mRNA)$$

Question 6

Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA ($$tRNA)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Conduction of electrical impulses

Question 8

Which type of gland releases its product by exocytosis without losing cellular material?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 9

Which connective tissue cell type is primarily responsible for producing collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast

Question 10

Which of the following is a general function of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of electrical signals

Question 11

Which membrane lines body cavities that do NOT open to the exterior and covers organs within these cavities?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 12

During tissue repair, which tissue type is most likely to regenerate completely after injury?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and contains stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 14

Which pigment is primarily responsible for brown coloration in human skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 15

Which structure in the dermis is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

Question 17

Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize rapidly and is considered the most dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 18

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis, but not underlying tissues. Which degree of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree (full thickness)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating $$mRNA.$$

Question 20

If a neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what would happen if extracellular potassium concentration increased significantly?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential would become less negative (depolarize).

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Membrane Potential, Cell Biology, Histology, and Integumentary System

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