Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification in bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification forms bone from a cartilage template, while intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from mesenchymal tissue.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for developing this condition?

Accepted Answer

Advanced age

Question 3

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 4

Which anatomical area of a long bone contains the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) in a growing child?

Accepted Answer

Metaphysis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of osteons (Haversian systems) with concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

Question 6

A synovial joint that allows movement in all axes, including rotation, is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoiesis

Question 8

Which muscle type is involuntary and contains intercalated discs?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 9

During muscle contraction, which event occurs according to the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.

Question 10

Which connective tissue covering surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 11

A person is performing a biceps curl and the muscle shortens as it contracts. What type of contraction is this?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contraction

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity?

Accepted Answer

All muscles insert on the axial skeleton.

Question 13

Which arrangement of muscle fascicles is best suited for generating the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Question 14

Which of the following is a general function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Integration of sensory input and motor output

Question 15

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 16

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes sodium channels to open, resulting in a rapid influx of $$ \mathrm{Na^+} $$ ions. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 17

Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of myelin?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction along the axon.

Question 19

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 20

A person suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the function of the nervous system. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events that would occur in the transmission of a nerve impulse from the brain to a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron in the CNS → Peripheral nerve → Neuromuscular junction → Muscle fiber

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

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