Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating growth at the epiphyseal plate during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis after menopause. Which preventative measure is most effective in reducing bone loss?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise

Question 3

Which bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone matrix, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; resorption

Question 4

What effect does parathyroid hormone (PTH) have on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 5

Which type of bone contains trabeculae and is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone

Question 6

Which joint type allows movement in multiple axes and is most susceptible to injury due to its mobility?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 7

What is the correct order of connective tissue wrappings in a skeletal muscle from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

Question 8

Rigor mortis occurs after death because:

Accepted Answer

ATP is no longer produced, preventing detachment of myosin from actin

Question 9

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Store and release calcium ions

Question 10

Which of the following is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 11

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Excitability

Question 12

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

What is the function of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates red blood cell production

Question 14

A blood sample is spun in a centrifuge to separate its components. What is the term for the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume?

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit

Question 15

Which property of erythrocytes allows them to efficiently transport oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Biconcave shape and lack of organelles

Question 16

How many oxygen molecules can a single hemoglobin molecule carry?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 17

A patient with hemophilia lacks a clotting factor. What is the primary consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inability to form blood clots

Question 18

Why is the left ventricular wall of the heart thicker than the right?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring more force

Question 19

Which blood vessels supply oxygenated blood directly to the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Coronary arteries

Question 20

In the heart, what is the name of the region where the heart sits within the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Mediastinum

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular, and Blood Systems

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