Question 1

Which type of cartilage provides the greatest tensile strength and resists compression, making it ideal for intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with bones that are poorly mineralized due to insufficient calcium and vitamin D. Which bone disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 3

Which hormone is most important in regulating blood calcium levels under normal physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct order of events?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, epiphyses ossify

Question 5

If osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts in the femur, how will the bone mass of the femur change?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass will decrease

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrates sensory input and initiates motor output

Question 7

Which type of membrane ion channel opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated channel

Question 8

A fracture in which the bone is crushed, commonly seen in the vertebral column, is called:

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 9

Which protein blocks binding sites on the thin filament in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Surround and support neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Increase in muscle endurance

Question 12

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Resorb (break down) bone

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs first during the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at the axon terminal

Question 14

Which type of neuron is most responsible for receiving information from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Covers the external surface of bones and serves as an attachment for tendons and ligaments

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They allow for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of action potential propagation

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, load, and muscle contraction in isometric conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$F_{muscle} = F_{load}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the conversion of fast glycolytic fibers to fast oxidative fibers?

Accepted Answer

Occurs primarily with aerobic exercise

Question 19

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central canal (Haversian canal)

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of excessive bone resorption outpacing bone deposit, especially in postmenopausal females?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

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