Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new cartilage to the surface, while interstitial growth adds new cartilage from within.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with albinism. Which enzyme is deficient, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of tyrosinase, resulting in inability to produce melanin.

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage; found in the nose, joints, and articulating ends of bones.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of melanin for skin pigmentation

Question 5

A long bone is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Being found in the carpal and tarsal bones

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for producing new bone tissue on the outer surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum (osteogenic layer)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption (consuming bone).

Question 8

A 12-year-old child is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which structure is primarily responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about compact bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons (Haversian systems) with central canals for blood vessels.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They are tiny channels that allow osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients.

Question 11

A patient with excessive dermal blood vessels and 'strawberry spots' is most likely exhibiting which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemangiomas (birthmarks)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone classification and example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 13

Which membrane lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity in long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue that covers bone.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 16

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Increased activity of osteoclasts leading to decreased bone mass.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where bone lengthening occurs during childhood and adolescence.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of bone development in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

Bone starts as cartilage, which is then replaced by bone tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about osteons (Haversian systems) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteons are structural units of compact bone, containing a central canal surrounded by lamellae.

Question 20

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Cartilage, Bone, and Skeletal System

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