Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Facilitation of rapid gas exchange via passive diffusion

Question 2

A patient presents with a second-degree burn that has damaged the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which type of epithelial tissue has been primarily compromised, and what is a major consequence of this damage?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; loss of protective barrier against microbes and water loss

Question 3

Which of the following cell junctions is primarily responsible for preventing the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells in the intestinal lining?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 4

A biopsy of a gland reveals cells that secrete hormones directly into the surrounding tissue fluid without ducts. Which type of gland is this, and what is the main product?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland; hormones

Question 5

Which connective tissue type is most responsible for storing energy in the form of lipids and providing insulation, especially in infants?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 6

A patient with chronic knee pain is found to have cartilage loss and exposed bone. Which connective tissue is primarily affected, and what is a key structural feature that contributes to its poor healing capacity?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage; lack of blood vessels

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are abundant on the apical surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They maximize the surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 8

During tissue repair after injury, which process involves the replacement of destroyed tissue with the same type of tissue, restoring original function?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the basal lamina in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a selective filter for molecules from capillaries

Question 10

A histological slide shows a tissue with multiple layers of flat cells at the surface and cuboidal cells in the deeper layers. Which tissue is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium; protection against abrasion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells, enabling coordinated contraction

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with edema following an injury. Which process is most directly responsible for the accumulation of fluid at the injury site?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability of capillaries due to histamine release

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cartilage injuries heal slowly compared to bone injuries?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks blood vessels, limiting nutrient and cell delivery for repair

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of transitional epithelium that allows it to function in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Ability to stretch and change shape as the bladder fills

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchor adjacent cells together to resist mechanical stress

Question 16

A patient with cystic fibrosis has thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory tract. Which cell type is primarily responsible for mucus production in the airway epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why areolar connective tissue is considered a 'model connective tissue'?

Accepted Answer

It has a variety of cell types and fibers, supporting and binding other tissues

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into surrounding tissue fluid, while exocrine glands use ducts to secrete products onto surfaces

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia on the apical surface of respiratory epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Propel mucus and trapped particles out of the airway

Question 20

A patient is recovering from a deep skin wound. Which process is most likely to result in the formation of a scar rather than complete restoration of the original tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Chapter 4 – Tissues

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