Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex during a stress response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of increased heart rate, sweating, and anxiety. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of epinephrine. Which gland is most likely overactive?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of glucose.

Question 4

A patient with Addison's disease is likely to have which of the following hormonal imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Deficient cortisol and aldosterone

Question 5

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A patient is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory results show hyperglycemia. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 8

A patient with chronic kidney disease is found to have anemia. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increased water reabsorption

Question 10

A patient with hyperthyroidism is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia and weight loss

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in blood?

Accepted Answer

Initiate blood clotting by forming a plug at injury sites

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 16

A patient with hypoparathyroidism is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues

Question 19

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and contractility

Question 21

A patient with Graves' disease is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Low TSH, high T3/T4

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Endocrine System, Blood, and Cardiovascular System

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