Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main components found in all tissue types?

Accepted Answer

Cells and extracellular matrix

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the epidermis, dermis, and underlying subcutaneous tissue. Which degree of burn is this, and what is the primary medical concern?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; risk of fluid loss and infection

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why thick skin is found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Accepted Answer

It has an extra layer, the stratum lucidum, for added protection

Question 4

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 5

A patient with jaundice has yellowing of the skin due to the accumulation of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model, forming most long bones

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the connective tissue type with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage – absorbs shock in the knee joint

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone tissue by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a compound fracture. Which of the following best describes this injury?

Accepted Answer

The bone is broken and protrudes through the skin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the joint, reducing friction between articular cartilages

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the movement allowed by a hinge joint, and provides a real-life example?

Accepted Answer

Monoaxial movement; elbow joint

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between regeneration and fibrosis in tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration restores original tissue function; fibrosis replaces damaged tissue with scar tissue

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, protecting against pathogens

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the gland with its secretion and location?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland – produces cerumen; found in external ear canal

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

It deepens the socket to increase joint stability

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ground substance of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They trap water, allowing the tissue to resist compression

Question 19

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which movement is impaired, and which type of synovial joint is involved?

Accepted Answer

Abduction; ball-and-socket joint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased mechanical compression on bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone deposition

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Histology, Integumentary System, Skeletal System, and Articulations

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