Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into surrounding tissue fluid or blood, while exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a unicellular exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cell

Question 3

A compound tubuloalveolar gland is characterized by which of the following structural features?

Accepted Answer

Branched duct with both tubular and alveolar secretory units

Question 4

Which mode of secretion involves the accumulation of products within the cell, followed by rupture of the cell to release its contents?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the skin's chemical barrier?

Accepted Answer

Secretes antimicrobial proteins and defensins to inhibit bacterial growth

Question 6

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which layer of the skin is most likely affected, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; inability to regenerate new skin cells

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the stratum basale is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a single layer of stem cells that actively divide to produce new keratinocytes.

Question 8

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing melanin and transferring it to keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 9

If a person has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes would lose their ability to adhere tightly to each other, leading to increased skin fragility.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between sweat gland activity and body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = m c \Delta T$$

Question 11

A person is exposed to a hot environment and begins to sweat profusely. Which process is primarily responsible for cooling the body?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of keratin in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratin is a protein that gives skin its protective properties and helps prevent water loss.

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the cutaneous sensory receptors found in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Detection of environmental stimuli such as temperature and touch

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D synthesis due to lack of sunlight exposure may experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased calcium absorption in the intestines

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the blood reservoir function of the skin is correct?

Accepted Answer

The skin stores about 5% of the body's total blood volume.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a merocrine mode of secretion?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a physical barrier?

Accepted Answer

Flat, dead cells of the stratum corneum are surrounded by lipids that block water and water-soluble substances.

Question 19

Which of the following cell types in the epidermis is responsible for activating the immune system by presenting foreign antigens to white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Integumentary System and Glandular Epithelium

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