Question 1

Which of the following structures marks the boundary between the upper and lower respiratory systems?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 2

What is the primary function of the cilia found on the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity and conducting airways?

Accepted Answer

To move mucus and trapped particles toward the pharynx

Question 3

A patient inhales a small particle that becomes trapped in the mucus of the nasal cavity. What is the most likely fate of this particle?

Accepted Answer

It is moved by cilia toward the pharynx and swallowed

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the voice box and separates the upper and lower respiratory systems

Question 5

If the cilia of the respiratory epithelium are damaged (for example, by smoking), which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to clear debris from the airways

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 7

During inhalation, which of the following changes occurs in the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

The volume increases and pressure decreases

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for conditioning (warming and humidifying) the air before it reaches the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 9

A person with a deviated nasal septum may experience difficulty with which respiratory function?

Accepted Answer

Conditioning and filtering of inspired air

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the respiratory epithelium is described as 'pseudostratified ciliated columnar'?

Accepted Answer

It appears layered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane and have cilia

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the protective function of the respiratory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Dust particles are trapped in mucus and moved by cilia toward the pharynx to be swallowed

Question 12

If a patient has chronic sinus infections that block the paranasal sinuses, which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to humidify and filter inspired air

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the pathway of air from the external environment to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs

Question 14

A patient with a genetic disorder that prevents mucus production in the respiratory tract would be at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to inability to trap and remove pathogens

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the pharynx is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is divided into three regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the nasal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane?

Accepted Answer

To trap and remove particles and pathogens from inspired air

Question 17

A person who breathes primarily through their mouth rather than their nose is more likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased humidification and warming of inspired air

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the movement of mucus by cilia in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Removal of trapped debris toward the pharynx

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the olfactory region in the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

It contains receptors for the sense of smell

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: The Respiratory System

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