Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Rapid diffusion of gases due to thin, flat cells

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of tight junctions in their intestinal epithelium. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability to water, acids, and wastes across the intestinal lining

Question 3

Which type of gland releases its secretory product by accumulating the product at the apical surface and then pinching off that portion of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine gland

Question 4

A biopsy of a patient's skin reveals multiple layers of flat cells at the surface, with the outermost layers containing keratin. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and cells required for repair are limited

Question 6

A patient with a connective tissue disorder has weakened tendons and ligaments. Which type of connective tissue is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

Question 8

A histological slide shows a single layer of tall, narrow cells with nuclei at different heights, all attached to the basement membrane. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchor adjacent cells together to resist mechanical stress

Question 10

A patient presents with a disorder affecting the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Which epithelial tissue is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the rate of diffusion ($$J$$), surface area ($$A$$), and thickness of the membrane ($$d) in $$simple squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{A}{d}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 13

A patient with a deficiency in elastic fibers would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced flexibility and elasticity in tissues such as skin and arteries

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete products onto surfaces or into cavities via ducts

Question 15

Which of the following connective tissue types is characterized by a matrix containing calcium salts and collagen fibers, making it very hard and strong?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Question 16

A patient with a mutation affecting gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical conduction between heart cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin and esophagus?

Accepted Answer

It provides multiple layers of cells for protection against mechanical stress

Question 18

Which specialized connective tissue contains a watery ground substance that suspends red and white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 19

A patient with a disorder affecting the reticular connective tissue would most likely have problems with which organ system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic and immune systems

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Permits expansion and recoil after stretching

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Tissues and Their Classification

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