Question 1

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 2

What is the primary function of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Pumps blood to body tissues via the systemic circuit

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the location of the heart in the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

On the superior surface of the diaphragm, two-thirds to the left of the midsternal line

Question 4

Which structure anchors the cusps of the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles?

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae

Question 5

A patient presents with a creaking sound heard with a stethoscope and excess fluid in the pericardial space. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pericarditis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the pulmonary and systemic circuits is correct?

Accepted Answer

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit

Question 7

Which layer of the heart wall is composed of circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 8

A patient has a defective mitral valve causing blood to flow backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body through the systemic circuit, requiring greater pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood is delivered to the heart muscle when the heart is relaxed

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the fibrous pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Prevents overfilling of the heart

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow electrical coupling and cell-to-cell adhesion

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between cardiac output ($$CO$$), heart rate ($$HR$$), and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 14

A patient with valvular stenosis has stiff valve flaps that constrict the opening. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The heart needs to exert more force to pump blood

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle can contract without nervous system stimulation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why tetanic contractions do not occur in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has a long absolute refractory period, almost as long as contraction

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the semilunar (SL) valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow from the arteries into the ventricles

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of prolonged coronary artery blockage?

Accepted Answer

Areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions to pass from cell to cell, enabling electrical coupling

Question 20

A patient experiences thoracic pain due to a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Anatomy and Physiology: The Cardiovascular System – Heart Anatomy

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