Question 1

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

The pericardium serves which primary function for the heart?

Accepted Answer

Protects and lubricates the heart

Question 3

Which heart chamber has the thickest wall, and why?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle, because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 4

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 6

Which vessel is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Question 7

During ventricular systole, which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles contract and eject blood into arteries

Question 8

Which part of the heart's conduction system acts as the pacemaker?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 9

A patient presents with a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Question 10

Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Question 11

If a patient has a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg, which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 12

Which equation best represents cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 13

A blockage in which vessel is most likely to cause a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the heart valves is correct?

Accepted Answer

The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve

Question 15

Which physiological change occurs during exercise to meet increased oxygen demand?

Accepted Answer

Increase in heart rate and cardiac output

Question 16

Which structure anchors the heart valves and prevents them from inverting during contraction?

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae

Question 17

Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A condition where arteries lose elasticity and become clogged with cholesterol

Question 18

Which equation correctly expresses blood pressure ($$BP) in $$terms of cardiac output ($$CO) $$and peripheral resistance ($$PR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 19

A patient with ventricular fibrillation is at risk for which immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Rapid cell death due to lack of blood flow

Question 20

Which lifestyle modification is most effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Anatomy & Physiology: The Heart – Structure, Function, and Disease

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