Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pelvic girdle in humans?

Accepted Answer

It is firmly attached to the vertebral column at the sacrum and transfers movement to the torso.

Question 2

The sacroiliac joint is best described as the articulation between which two structures?

Accepted Answer

The sacrum and the ilium

Question 3

Why are the upper limbs attached dorsally in humans?

Accepted Answer

To counterbalance the ventral weight from chests and breasts

Question 4

Which bone is superficial to the body wall and attached by muscles to allow for greater movement of the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 5

The os coxa is a fusion of which three bones?

Accepted Answer

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 6

The acetabulum is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Forms the socket for the head of the femur

Question 7

In the context of evolutionary anatomy, why do humans have dorsal upper limb attachment compared to quadrupeds?

Accepted Answer

Because the weight in quadrupeds is distributed ventrally for stability, while humans evolved to counterbalance ventral weight dorsally

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the pectoral girdle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It has minimal attachment to the axial skeleton at the clavicle.

Question 9

A patient presents with pain at the sacroiliac joint. Which movement or function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of movement from the lower limb to the torso

Question 10

Which feature of the os coxa is specifically adapted for the passage of blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramina and notches

Question 11

If the pectoral girdle had the same firm attachment to the axial skeleton as the pelvic girdle, which of the following would most likely be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Range of motion of the upper limb

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the difference in weight distribution between a horse and a human, as seen in their skeletal systems?

Accepted Answer

Humans distribute weight dorsally for upright posture, while horses distribute weight ventrally for stability.

Question 13

Which joint is circled in white in the cross-sectional diagram of the lower back?

Accepted Answer

Sacroiliac joint

Question 14

If a mutation caused the scapula to be fused to the rib cage, what would be the most likely functional consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased range of motion in the upper limb

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the mechanical advantage ($$MA) of $$the pelvic girdle in transferring force from the lower limb to the torso?

Accepted Answer

$$MA = \frac{Force_{output}}{Force_{input}}$$

Question 16

Which anatomical feature allows the upper limb to attach to the dorsal aspect of the body?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 17

A person with a congenital defect in the acetabulum would most likely have difficulty with which activity?

Accepted Answer

Walking or running

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the sacroiliac joint is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong, weight-bearing joint that transfers force from the lower limb to the torso.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the pectoral girdle allows for greater movement compared to the pelvic girdle?

Accepted Answer

The pectoral girdle is attached by muscles and has minimal skeletal attachment, allowing for more mobility.

Question 20

If the sacroiliac joint were to become hypermobile, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to transfer weight from the lower limb to the torso

Anatomy of the Pelvic and Pectoral Girdles: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Context 6.0

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