Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the positive charge in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

Given the atomic number of carbon is 6, how many electrons does a neutral carbon atom have?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and is positively charged

Question 4

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons

Question 5

Which element is found in higher concentration inside the cell than outside?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Question 6

If a solution has $$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 7

Which property of water is MOST responsible for its ability to dissolve many substances?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 8

A buffer system in the blood involves the following equilibrium: $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}. $$What is the main function of this buffer?

Accepted Answer

To minimize changes in pH

Question 9

Which of the following statements about metals, nonmetals, and metalloids is correct according to the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Metalloids are located between metals and nonmetals, forming a staircase pattern

Question 10

Which of the following is a trace element essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$\mathrm{Fe})$$

Question 11

If you have 2 moles of $$\mathrm{NaCl}$$, how many formula units do you have? (Avogadro's number $$= 6.022 	imes 10$$^{23}$$)

Accepted Answer

$$1.2044 	imes 10$$^{24}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why hydrogen bonding leads to a high boiling point for water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds require more energy to break, so water boils at a higher temperature

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements that make up 99% of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$\mathrm{Fe})$$

Question 14

A solution has a pH of 2. What is the concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-2}$$ M

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids give off $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions when put into water

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the group number in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

It tells the number of valence electrons for main group elements

Question 18

If you add NaOH to water, what happens to the pH?

Accepted Answer

pH increases

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High temperature of vaporization

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Buffers minimize changes in pH by reacting with excess acids or bases

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonds: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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