$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond in table salt (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 2

Which formula correctly represents the ratio of atoms in a carbohydrate molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 3

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which of the following best describes the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Water loss greater than 15% of body weight can be fatal due to impaired cellular function.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 6

A molecule of ATP ($$ATP) is $$hydrolyzed to ADP ($$ADP) $$and inorganic phosphate ($$P_i). $$Which equation correctly represents this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in partial charges.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones during metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is hydrophobic and does not mix well with water?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 10

Which statement about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Loss of protein structure due to application of heat, acid, or radiation.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about glycogen?

Accepted Answer

It is a carbohydrate stored in the liver and can be broken down to release glucose.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which water is added to break apart large molecules into smaller ones.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen, creating partial charges.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store genetic information and control cell activities.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single covalent bonds, while unsaturated fats have one or more double covalent bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are ions that influence nervous system, muscle activity, and fluid balance.

Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Biochemistry Foundations in Anatomy & Physiology

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