Q: Which of the following formulas correctly represents the calculation of total force ($$F_{total}) $$generated by bilateral contraction of the erector spinae, given the force produced by each side ($$F_{side}$$)?

$$F_{total} = F_{side} \times 2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between epaxial and hypaxial muscles in relation to the transverse process of the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Epaxial muscles are dorsal to the transverse process and innervated by the dorsal ramus.

Question 2

The erector spinae muscle group is composed of three major muscles. Which of the following lists them in order from lateral to medial?

Accepted Answer

Iliocostalis, Longissimus Dorsi, Spinalis

Question 3

A patient presents with difficulty extending their vertebral column bilaterally. Which muscle group is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae

Question 4

Which nerve innervates the erector spinae muscles?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 5

During a unilateral contraction of the erector spinae, what is the primary movement produced?

Accepted Answer

Lateral flexion of the vertebral column to the same side

Question 6

Which muscle originates from the transverse processes of C4-T3 and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone?

Accepted Answer

Longissimus capitus

Question 7

If a person performs a sit-up, which set of muscles is primarily responsible for flexing the trunk and compressing the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

Rectus abdominis and lateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct origin and insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis muscle?

Accepted Answer

Origin: Ribs 3-7; Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6

Question 9

Which muscle group is responsible for stabilizing and rotating the vertebral column and is oriented obliquely between transverse and spinous processes?

Accepted Answer

Transversospinalis

Question 10

A patient has weakness in lateral flexion of the vertebral column to the right side. Which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Right erector spinae

Question 11

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the calculation of total force ($$F_{total}) $$generated by bilateral contraction of the erector spinae, given the force produced by each side ($$F_{side}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F_{total} = F_{side} 	imes 2$$

Question 12

Which muscle is most likely to be involved in rotation of the head to the same side during unilateral contraction?

Accepted Answer

Longissimus capitus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the transversospinalis muscle group?

Accepted Answer

Compressing the abdominal wall

Question 14

If the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve is damaged, which muscle group would most likely lose function?

Accepted Answer

Epaxial muscles

Question 15

Which muscle originates from the sacrum, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, and inserts on the transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and ribs 6-12?

Accepted Answer

Iliocostalis lumborum

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the lateral abdominal wall is composed of muscles running in different directions?

Accepted Answer

To increase the strength and stability of the abdominal wall, similar to plywood construction

Question 17

Which muscle group is antagonistic to the rectus abdominis during trunk flexion?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between muscle force ($$F$$), cross-sectional area ($$A$$), and muscle stress ($$\sigma$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = F / A$$

Question 19

Which muscle group is most likely to be affected if a patient has difficulty with lateral flexion and extension of the cervical region of the spine?

Accepted Answer

Intertransversarii

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct action of the interspinales muscles?

Accepted Answer

Extend cervical and lumbar regions of the spine

Axial Musculature: Epaxial and Hypaxial Muscles of the Torso 11.0

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드