$$\text{Mass number} = \text{Atomic number} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored in chemical bonds like those in ATP.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving table salt in water. In this mixture, which component is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 3

Which of the following elements make up approximately 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 4

If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

pH below 7

Question 7

Which of the following is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 11

A chemical reaction in the body releases energy and breaks down large molecules into smaller ones. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Major component of cell membranes

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number, mass number, and neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Atomic number} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A mixture in which particles settle out over time

Question 15

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 16

Which of the following factors would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing concentration of reactants

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for living matter?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity and is an excellent solvent.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids

Question 20

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

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