Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture in the context of body chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A compound consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded, while a mixture consists of substances physically intermixed without chemical bonding.

Question 2

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A solution is formed when glucose is dissolved in water. In this scenario, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 5

Which property distinguishes a colloid from a solution?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have larger solute particles that do not settle out, giving a cloudy appearance, while solutions have very small particles that remain evenly distributed.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are ions that help regulate nerve and muscle function, hydration, and pH balance.

Question 7

A patient presents with an arterial blood pH of 7.0. What does this indicate about their acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, which can interfere with cell function and may predict a poor outcome.

Question 8

Which of the following reactions represents a base neutralizing an acid in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH + H^+ \rightarrow Na^+ + H_2O}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about organic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and are covalently bonded, often forming large molecules.

Question 10

Which molecule is considered an exception to the general rule that inorganic compounds lack carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$})$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is essential for human life despite its association with atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is required for the synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones, and is a component of cell membranes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large, visible solute particles that settle out over time.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate ion ($$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}) $$neutralizing excess acid in blood.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a polar hydrophilic head and two nonpolar hydrophobic tails.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a nucleic acid that stores genetic information and provides instructions for building proteins.

Question 18

A patient is suffering from muscle weakness due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which ions are most likely involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and potassium ions

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are crucial for physiological reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Basic Principles of Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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