Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture in the context of body chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A compound consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together, while a mixture involves substances physically intermixed without chemical bonding.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$NaCl)$$

Question 3

A patient presents with an arterial blood pH of 7.0. What does this indicate about their acid-base status, and what is a likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

They are in a state of acidosis, which can interfere with cell function and may damage tissues.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium and potassium ions are essential for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They function as electrolytes, creating electrical gradients necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bases are proton acceptors and often release hydroxyl ions ($$OH^-) in $$solution.

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt and large swings in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the main source of immediate, easily used energy for cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide important for energy storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

A patient is given a solution of sodium hydroxide ($$NaOH). $$What effect will this have on the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

It will increase the pH, making the blood more basic (alkaline).

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 12

Cholesterol is often associated with negative health effects, but it is also essential for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a precursor for steroid hormones and vitamin D synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are crucial for physiological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.

Question 15

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of glucose in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a suspension as found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large, visible particles that settle out over time, such as blood cells in plasma.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction important for energy release in the body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration to release ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is considered an excellent solvent in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve both polar and ionic substances due to its polarity.

Question 19

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following ions is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+) or $$Potassium ($$K^+)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and enzymes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA provides the instructions for building enzymes, which then govern all chemical reactions in the cell.

Basic Principles of Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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