Question 1

Which property of water is most critical for maintaining body temperature homeostasis during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, allowing water to absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change ($$C = \frac{q}{\Delta T})$$

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which buffer system in the blood is primarily responsible for resisting changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system ($$\mathrm{HCO}_3^- + \mathrm{H}^+ \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3)$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in forming macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond forms between two monomers by removing a water molecule ($$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 \xrightarrow{	ext{dehydration}} 	ext{Polymer} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors that release $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions in solution

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times more acidic

Question 6

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 7

Which type of fatty acid is most likely to be solid at room temperature and found in animal fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids

Question 8

Which structural level of protein is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

A protein loses its functional shape after exposure to high heat. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for chemical reactions

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{(CH_2O)}_n$$ where $$n = $$number of carbon atoms

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 13

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are the largest molecules in the body and are composed of C, H, O, N, and P

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins provide mechanical support and tensile strength, while globular proteins are functional and sensitive to environmental changes

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood clotting, control of blood pressure, and labor contractions

Question 17

Which of the following is true about buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist sudden swings in pH by converting strong acids or bases into weak ones

Question 18

Which of the following is the main function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Short-term energy storage

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It describes how two or more polypeptide chains interact with each other

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of hydrolysis reactions?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is used to split a covalent bond between two atoms ($$	ext{Polymer} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{hydrolysis}} 	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2)$$

Biochemistry: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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