Question 1

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to help maintain a stable internal body temperature in humans?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 6.8. According to the logarithmic nature of the pH scale, how many times more acidic is this blood compared to normal arterial blood (pH 7.4)? Use the formula $$10^{\Delta pH}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$10^{0.6}$$ \approx 4$$ times more acidic

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their double bonds create kinks, preventing close packing of molecules.

Question 4

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-9}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

pH = 9

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular reactions

Question 6

During a dehydration synthesis reaction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a bond between monomers.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They resist changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing NaCl. What happens to the NaCl when it enters the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

It dissociates into Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ ions, becoming electrolytes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids, a glycerol, and a phosphate group

Question 12

A protein loses its functional 3-D shape after being exposed to high heat. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is double-stranded and contains thymine.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a starting material for vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins?

Accepted Answer

They play a role in inflammation and blood clotting.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Globular proteins are compact, spherical, and have specific functional regions.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

It stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 19

A patient is suffering from muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following ions is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K$$^+)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a bond between monomers.

Biochemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Inorganic Compounds and Water

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