$$\frac{\text{Volume of water in plasma}}{\text{Total plasma volume}} \times 100\% = 90\%$$

Question 1

Which component of blood serves as its extracellular matrix, and what is its primary composition?

Accepted Answer

Plasma; primarily composed of water ($$\approx 90\%)$$

Question 2

A patient with type B- blood receives a transfusion of type AB+ blood. Which immune response is most likely to occur and why?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination, because the recipient's plasma contains anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 3

Which blood cell type is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, and what molecule enables this function?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes; hemoglobin

Question 4

Why is blood classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It has multiple cell types suspended in an extracellular matrix (plasma)

Question 5

Which plasma protein is most abundant and helps maintain osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 6

A person with type O- blood is considered the universal donor. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O- blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients

Question 7

What is an antigen in the context of blood groups?

Accepted Answer

A molecule on the surface of red blood cells that can trigger an immune response

Question 8

If an Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood for the first time, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

No immediate reaction, but the immune system will begin producing anti-Rh antibodies

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of antibodies produced by lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They bind to specific antigens to neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction

Question 10

A patient with type AB+ blood is considered the universal recipient. Which statement best explains this?

Accepted Answer

AB+ blood contains all antigens, so the recipient's immune system does not react to any donor blood

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the percentage of water in plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{Volume of water in plasma}}{	ext{Total plasma volume}} 	imes 100\% = 90\%$$

Question 12

Which scenario would most likely result in agglutination during a blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Transfusing type A blood into a type B recipient

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to tissues

Question 14

Which blood cell type is primarily involved in immune defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes

Question 15

If a person with type O blood receives type A blood, which antibodies in their plasma will react?

Accepted Answer

Anti-A antibodies

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between type A and type B blood?

Accepted Answer

Type A blood has A antigens; type B blood has B antigens

Question 17

Which hormone class is most likely to travel freely in plasma due to its solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones

Question 18

What happens during a second exposure to Rh+ blood in an Rh- individual?

Accepted Answer

A rapid and severe immune response due to pre-existing anti-Rh antibodies

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why hormones can be transported in blood?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are dissolved in plasma, which is mostly water

Blood: Structure, Function, and Blood Groups

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