Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with a high white blood cell (WBC) count, specifically an increase in eosinophils. Which condition is most likely indicated by this finding?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction or parasitic infection

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person suffers a deep cut and begins to bleed. Which plasma protein is most directly involved in the formation of a blood clot at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells (RBCs) lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To maximize space for hemoglobin and enhance oxygen transport

Question 6

Which type of white blood cell (WBC) is most abundant in the blood and acts as the first line of defense by phagocytosing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

A laboratory test shows a patient's blood pH is 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible reaction for the formation of carbonic acid in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the composition of plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is similar to interstitial fluid

Question 10

A patient with a low hematocrit is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of basophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine and heparin during allergic reactions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of plasma proteins in transporting fatty acids and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Albumins bind and transport fatty acids and hormones

Question 13

During vigorous exercise, which of the following best explains why oxygen is released more readily from hemoglobin to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$tissues decreases

Question 14

Which of the following white blood cells can leave the bloodstream and become macrophages in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Monocytes

Question 15

A patient is found to have a deficiency in clotting factors. Which plasma protein is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process by which white blood cells move out of the bloodstream to reach sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 17

If a person has a total blood volume of 5 liters and a hematocrit of 40%, what is the approximate volume of red blood cells in their blood? (Use $$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100)$$

Accepted Answer

$$2.5$$ liters

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plasma is important in maintaining blood volume and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Plasma proteins exert osmotic pressure to retain water in the bloodstream

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH of blood?

Accepted Answer

It is slightly alkaline, with a pH around 7.4

Question 20

A patient with a severe bacterial infection is found to have an increased number of which type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Blood: Structure, Function, and Components – Study Notes

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