Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine organs

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity in their blood, fatigue, and pallor. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which component of blood is responsible for forming temporary plugs to seal breaks in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are efficient at gas transport?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area for gas exchange

Question 6

A patient at high altitude develops increased red blood cell production. Which hormone is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 7

Which of the following dietary components is essential for DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 8

A patient abuses synthetic EPO to enhance athletic performance. What is a dangerous consequence of this practice?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of stroke and heart failure

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a leukocyte type with its function?

Accepted Answer

Monocytes: differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis

Question 10

Which pathway in blood coagulation is triggered by tissue factor (TF) and is faster than the other pathway?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 11

During the breakdown of erythrocytes, which pigment is produced from heme and excreted in bile?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 12

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 13

Which equation best represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} + \mathrm{Prothrombin\ Activator} \rightarrow \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 15

A patient with chronic leukemia is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Anemia and bleeding due to crowded bone marrow

Question 16

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin digests fibrin and dissolves clots

Question 18

A patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is likely to experience which combination of symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Widespread clotting and severe bleeding

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} + \mathrm{Thrombin} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fibrin}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes cannot divide or synthesize new proteins?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and organelles

Blood: Structure, Function, and Composition (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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