Question 1

Which of the following best describes why blood is classified as a special connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Blood develops from mesenchyme and contains a non-living matrix (plasma).

Question 2

Which protein is most abundant in plasma and is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal decreased RBC count and hemoglobin levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major component of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 5

During the breakdown of hemoglobin, which pigment is produced and excreted in bile?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 6

Which chemical form of hemoglobin is responsible for transporting carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 7

A patient with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Any blood type (A, B, AB, O)

Question 8

Which hormone regulates the production of erythrocytes in response to hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 9

Which of the following steps occurs first during hemostasis after a blood vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm

Question 10

A patient develops a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after a long flight. Which process is most directly responsible for dissolving the clot?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinolysis

Question 11

Which clotting factor is activated by the intrinsic pathway and is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

Accepted Answer

Factor X

Question 12

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Hb(O}_2)_4$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a common cause of anemia due to decreased RBC production?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 15

Which process involves the contraction of the clot to reduce its size and bring the edges of the wound closer together?

Accepted Answer

Clot retraction

Question 16

A patient with a genetic deficiency in antithrombin III is at increased risk for which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Thromboembolic disorders

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of fibrinogen in blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, forming the meshwork of the clot.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of carboxyhemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Transports carbon monoxide, reducing oxygen delivery

Question 20

A patient with a bleeding disorder is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of clotting factors

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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