Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs

Question 2

During hemostasis, which step involves the contraction of smooth muscle to reduce blood flow following vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm

Question 3

A patient with thrombocytopenia is most likely to present with which clinical sign?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae due to spontaneous, widespread hemorrhage

Question 4

Which factor is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors and is often targeted by anticoagulant drugs?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 5

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} + \mathrm{Thrombin\ Activator} \rightarrow \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 7

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms prevents the growth of a blood clot beyond the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Restriction of thrombin by fibrin threads

Question 9

A woman with blood type O negative is pregnant with a fetus that is Rh positive. What is the risk if she is not treated?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs in subsequent pregnancies

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 11

Which diagnostic blood test result would most likely indicate anemia?

Accepted Answer

Low hematocrit

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ABO blood groups is correct?

Accepted Answer

Type AB individuals have no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in their plasma

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of aspirin on hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits thromboxane A2 formation, reducing platelet aggregation

Question 14

A patient with liver disease is at increased risk for bleeding because:

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate pro-coagulant proteins

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} + \mathrm{Thrombin} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fibrin}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of embolus formation in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Obstruction of blood vessels leading to tissue death

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of plasmin during fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Degrades fibrin and dissolves the clot

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in von Willebrand Factor (VWF) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired platelet-collagen adhesion and increased bleeding tendency

Question 19

Which of the following is the most effective immediate treatment for severe blood loss resulting in shock?

Accepted Answer

Infusion of normal saline or Ringer's solution to restore blood volume

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O RBCs lack both A and B antigens, reducing risk of agglutination in recipients

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis (Anatomy & Physiology I, Lecture 12)

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