Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker tunica media and more elastic fibers than veins.

Question 2

Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle and is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 3

A patient is experiencing increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Which of the following changes would you expect in their blood pressure and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood pressure and increased cardiac output

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP)$$

Question 5

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for regulating systemic blood pressure through changes in diameter?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 6

If blood viscosity increases due to dehydration, what effect will this have on peripheral resistance and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral resistance increases and blood pressure increases

Question 7

Which of the following factors would most likely cause a decrease in blood flow through a vessel, according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the vessel diameter

Question 8

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg. What is their pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$Pulse\ Pressure = 120 - 80 = 40\ mmHg$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about veins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely increase venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Activation of skeletal muscle pump during exercise

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) released from the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreases heart rate and contractility

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely occur if baroreceptors detect a sudden drop in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased sympathetic stimulation to the heart and blood vessels

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 15

A patient with chronic hypertension has increased afterload. What effect does this have on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases the work required by the heart to eject blood

Question 16

Which of the following statements about blood vessel compliance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Veins have higher compliance than arteries.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result from activation of peripheral chemoreceptors due to low blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the tunica intima in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Provides a smooth surface for blood flow and contains endothelium

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely decrease systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 20

A patient has a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL and a heart rate (HR) of 75 beats per minute. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 70 	imes 75 = 5250\ mL/min$$

Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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