Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

Bones are classified by shape. Which type of bone is characterized by being thin and broad, such as the sternum and ribs?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 3

Which structure is found at the ends of long bones and is responsible for reducing friction and absorbing shock at joints?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 4

What is the main difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow produces blood cells, yellow marrow stores triglycerides

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the inorganic component of the bone extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals and bicarbonate ions

Question 6

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 7

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons with concentric lamellae

Question 8

During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue serves as the starting material for bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Membrane of embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme)

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the body, starting from a hyaline cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 10

Which hormone is most directly responsible for accelerating the closure of the epiphyseal plate during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 11

A patient presents with weak and brittle bones due to inadequate inorganic matrix. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 12

Which equation best represents the mineral storage function of bone, involving calcium and phosphate ions?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$ + $$PO_4$$^{3-} \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3OH$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar, chondrocytes die, primary ossification center develops

Question 14

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone width by osteoblasts depositing new compact bone under periosteum

Question 15

Which bone cell type is derived from blood cell lineages and contains multiple nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding primary (woven) bone compared to secondary (lamellar) bone?

Accepted Answer

Primary bone is formed first during development and repair, with irregular arrangement of collagen fibers

Question 17

A child with vitamin D deficiency is at risk for which bone-related condition due to impaired mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Maintain bone matrix and communicate with neighboring cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bones continuously remodel throughout life?

Accepted Answer

To maintain calcium homeostasis, repair damage, and adapt to mechanical stress

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the organic matrix (osteoid) of bone?

Accepted Answer

Composed of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins

Bone Structure and Function: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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