Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Based on bone classification by shape, the patella is an example of which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for the production of new bone matrix and becomes an osteocyte when surrounded by matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Two-thirds calcium phosphate, one-third collagen fibers

Question 5

A long bone is fractured and the periosteum is damaged. Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Stores red bone marrow

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the body, where bone replaces a cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 7

During bone remodeling, what would be the result if osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity?

Accepted Answer

Bones become weaker

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A child with vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs due to poor mineralization of bone. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the epiphyses of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It provides a lightweight structure that can withstand stress from multiple directions

Question 11

Which type of lamellae forms the basic functional unit of compact bone, known as the osteon?

Accepted Answer

Concentric lamellae

Question 12

A patient with a tumor that secretes osteoclast-activating factor is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 13

Which of the following nutrients is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 14

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by adding new bone at the surface

Question 15

A 50-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following is a likely contributing factor?

Accepted Answer

Age-related decline in sex hormone levels

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of compact bone compared to spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Presence of osteons with central canals

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow exchange of nutrients and wastes

Question 18

A patient with Marfan syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following skeletal features?

Accepted Answer

Long, slender limbs

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for maintaining bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling, increasing bone density and strength

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제