Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in a bone that is small, round, and found within a tendon near the knee joint. Which type of bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for the production of new bone matrix and becomes an osteocyte when surrounded by matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 4

What is the primary mineral component of the bone matrix, and what is its chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite, $$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 5

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and runs parallel to the surface of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central canal (Haversian canal)

Question 6

A child with a vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs due to poor mineralization of bone. What is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, what is the sequence of events at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar, cartilage calcifies, blood vessels invade, spongy bone forms

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A 55-year-old woman experiences a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density is significantly reduced. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of bone matrix at the periosteum

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Provides a route for blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

A patient with excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates resulting in tall stature and long, slender limbs is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome

Question 13

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It supports and protects red bone marrow

Question 14

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 15

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity, what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Bones become weaker

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling, increasing bone density and strength

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of flat bones?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a core of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for exchange of nutrients and wastes

Question 19

A patient has a fracture that projects through the skin. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops directly from mesenchymal tissue

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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