$$\text{Bone Mass} = \text{Bone Deposition} - \text{Bone Resorption}$$

$$\text{Blood Calcium}_{\text{after PTH}} = \text{Blood Calcium}_{\text{before PTH}} + \Delta \text{Ca}^{2+}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 2

A bone that is longer than it is wide, such as the femur, is classified as which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Question 3

Which bone type is best described as roughly cube-shaped and found in the wrist and ankle?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Question 4

What is the main difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow forms blood cells, yellow marrow stores triglycerides

Question 5

Which of the following bones is an example of a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 6

The periosteum is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A membrane composed of dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer surface of long bones

Question 7

Which component of bone matrix is primarily responsible for resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 8

Osteoclasts are responsible for which process in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption

Question 9

During endochondral ossification, the starting model for bone formation is:

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Which hormone increases the rate of mitosis in the epiphyseal plate, leading to growth spurts?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and remodeling rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Mass} = 	ext{Bone Deposition} - 	ext{Bone Resorption}$$

Question 12

A patient with osteoporosis is most likely to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass due to increased bone resorption

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts form a collagenous callus, followed by chondroblasts forming hyaline cartilage, then osteogenic cells produce new bone

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the zones of the epiphyseal plate during longitudinal bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification, zone of ossification

Question 15

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and stimulates osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bones are both protective and supportive?

Accepted Answer

The presence of hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibers in the matrix

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the blood supply to bone?

Accepted Answer

Short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones receive most of their blood supply from vessels in the periosteum

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the replacement of old brittle bone with newer bone during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Composed of osteons with concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal

Question 20

Which equation best represents the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Calcium}_{	ext{after PTH}} = 	ext{Blood Calcium}_{	ext{before PTH}} + \Delta 	ext{Ca}^{2+}$$

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure and Function

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