Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage is more flexible than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage contains a higher proportion of water and lacks mineral salts found in bone.

Question 2

A patient suffers a meniscus tear in the knee. Which type of cartilage is most likely damaged, and what property makes it suitable for this location?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; it is highly compressible with great tensile strength.

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Formation of bone collar, cavitation of cartilage, invasion of periosteal bud, formation of medullary cavity, ossification of epiphyses.

Question 4

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; they secrete acids and lysosomal enzymes to dissolve bone matrix.

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the proliferation zone of the epiphyseal plate. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal growth of long bones.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone at the microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 7

A fracture heals more quickly in bone than in cartilage. Which property of bone accounts for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Bone is highly vascularized, allowing rapid delivery of nutrients and cells for repair.

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 9

A patient with osteoporosis is losing bone mass due to increased activity of which cell type, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; increased bone resorption leads to fragile bones.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why hyaline cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

It provides smooth, resilient surfaces that reduce friction and absorb shock.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

A mutation prevents the formation of perforating (Sharpey's) fibers in bone. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring of periosteum to underlying bone

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Cells in the perichondrium secrete new matrix on the external surface of cartilage.

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 15

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the secretion of osteoid by osteoblasts. Which of the following is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the organic matrix of bone

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They monitor and maintain the bone matrix.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bone remodeling is necessary throughout life?

Accepted Answer

To replace old bone tissue and adapt to mechanical stress.

Question 18

A 10-year-old child has a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely long-term consequence if not properly treated?

Accepted Answer

Impaired longitudinal growth of the affected bone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification forms bone from a fibrous membrane, while endochondral ossification replaces hyaline cartilage.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why calcified cartilage is NOT considered bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcified cartilage lacks the organized osteoid and mineral structure of bone.

Bones and Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Development

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제