Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is most likely to be found cushioning the ends of bones at moveable joints?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

A 10-year-old child is still growing in height. Which structure is responsible for the lengthwise growth of their long bones?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption and increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of fracture, especially in the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 7

During bone remodeling, which process is responsible for the release of $$ \mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} $$ into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts breaking down bone matrix

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium levels when they are low?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A bone biopsy reveals a deficiency in hydroxyapatite crystals. Which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to compression

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model

Question 11

A patient has a fracture where the bone ends are out of alignment and the skin is broken. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Displaced, open (compound) fracture

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblasts to deposit bone along lines of stress

Question 13

Which bone disorder is characterized by poorly mineralized bone matrix, leading to soft and weak bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 14

A 7-year-old child falls and sustains a greenstick fracture. What is the most likely reason for this type of fracture in children?

Accepted Answer

Children's bones are more flexible due to a higher proportion of organic matrix

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They monitor mechanical stress and direct bone remodeling

Question 16

A patient with a pituitary tumor has abnormally high growth hormone levels after puberty. What skeletal abnormality is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$ 10\ \mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} + 6\ \mathrm{PO_4$^{3-}} + 2\ \mathrm{OH^-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2} $$

Question 18

During fracture repair, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Question 19

A patient with chronic kidney disease has low levels of active vitamin D. Which process in bone metabolism is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of $$ \mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} $$ from the digestive tract

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the periosteum is essential for bone health and repair?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteoprogenitor cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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