Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular and relies on diffusion from the perichondrium for nutrients, limiting its regenerative capacity.

Question 2

A patient presents with a torn meniscus in the knee. Which type of cartilage is most likely involved, and what property makes it suitable for this location?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; its thick bundles of collagen fibers make it compressible and a good shock absorber.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.

Question 4

Which bone type is characterized by being cube-like and is found in the wrist and ankle?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Question 5

A 10-year-old child is growing rapidly in height. Which structure is primarily responsible for the lengthening of long bones during this period?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Resorb bone to release stored calcium and remodel bone.

Question 7

During intramembranous ossification, which of the following occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts secrete osteoid within a fibrous connective tissue membrane.

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds bone deposition by osteoblasts, leading to decreased bone mass.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

It is a connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bone, containing osteogenic cells for bone growth and repair.

Question 10

A long bone is fractured and undergoes repair. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in bone healing?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 11

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Opening: hole or canal in bone that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae are thin beams of bone that give spongy bone its appearance.

Question 13

A 25-year-old astronaut spends six months in zero gravity. Which of the following changes would you expect in their skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass due to increased osteoclastic activity and reduced mechanical stress.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and the rates of bone deposition and resorption in a healthy young adult?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Rate of bone resorption} = 	ext{Rate of bone deposition}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal line in a mature long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate, marking where bone lengthening occurred during growth.

Question 16

A 7-year-old child falls and fractures her humerus. Which type of bone growth will be most affected during healing?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the skull of a newborn contains fontanelles?

Accepted Answer

Fontanelles allow the skull to be compressed during birth and accommodate brain growth.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the medullary cavity in adult long bones?

Accepted Answer

It is filled with yellow bone marrow and serves as a fat storage site.

Question 19

A patient suffers a displaced, open fracture of the femur. Which of the following best describes this injury?

Accepted Answer

The bone ends are out of alignment and the skin is penetrated.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Classification

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