Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the perichondrium in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It provides nutrients and structural support to cartilage.

Question 2

A patient presents with pain and swelling in the knee after a sports injury. Imaging reveals damage to the meniscus. Which type of cartilage is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms → Cartilage calcifies → Periosteal bud invades → Medullary cavity forms

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why bones become brittle in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, reducing bone mass.

Question 5

A child with bowed legs and delayed growth is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of vitamin D or calcium

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, while osteoblasts are responsible for bone deposit.

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A long bone is fractured. Which of the following correctly lists the stages of bone repair in order?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms → Fibrocartilaginous callus forms → Bony callus forms → Bone remodeling

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone contains trabeculae and is porous, while compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs

Question 11

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

New matrix is laid down on the surface of the cartilage by cells in the perichondrium.

Question 12

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of collagen in bone. Which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bone's flexibility and tensile strength

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of hyaline cartilage and is responsible for bone length growth.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling, increasing bone mass and strength.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for the main mineral salt found in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 16

A 20-year-old male suffers a fracture. Which cell type is primarily responsible for removing the damaged bone matrix during the repair process?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect osteocytes, allowing for nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 18

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the formation of flat bones such as the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 20

A patient has a blood calcium level of 7 mg/dL (normal: 9–11 mg/dL). Which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands release PTH, stimulating osteoclasts.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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