Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which of the following best describes the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of a long bone, composed mainly of compact bone

Question 3

Which bone type is primarily responsible for protecting vital organs such as the brain and heart?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the periosteum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-layered membrane covering the outer surface of bones except at joint surfaces

Question 5

A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with a bone disorder affecting the trabeculae. Which bone tissue is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

The combination of inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals and organic collagen fibers in the bone matrix

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct classification for the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bones

Question 8

A patient has a bone injury that affects the Sharpey's fibers. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attachment of periosteum to underlying bone

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow communication between osteocytes

Question 10

A patient with osteoporosis has a decrease in bone mass due to loss of hydroxyapatite. Which chemical formula represents hydroxyapatite?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 12

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 13

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Aligned along lines of stress to help resist it

Question 15

A patient has a bone biopsy showing a high percentage of yellow marrow. Which of the following is the primary function of yellow marrow?

Accepted Answer

Storage of fat (triglycerides)

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the endosteum?

Accepted Answer

It lines the internal bone surfaces and contains osteogenic cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why flat bones, such as those of the skull, are well-suited for protection?

Accepted Answer

They consist of two thin layers of compact bone with a layer of spongy bone in between

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of lamellae in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Concentric rings of bone matrix around a central canal

Question 19

A patient presents with a bone tumor that disrupts the osteogenic layer of the periosteum. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of perforating (Volkmann's) canals in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect adjacent osteons and allow blood vessels and nerves to travel perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Composition

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