Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and provides support, flexibility, and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with a ragged bone break after a twisting injury during a soccer game. Which type of fracture is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Spiral fracture

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and releases lysosomal enzymes to digest the organic matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low, stimulating osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Fat (triglyceride) storage

Question 6

A 70-year-old woman suffers a vertebral compression fracture. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 7

Which bone marking serves as a conduit for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 8

Which process describes bone formation from fibrous connective tissue membranes, forming cranial bones and the clavicles?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 9

According to Wolff’s law, which of the following best explains why the bones of a tennis player’s dominant arm are thicker and stronger?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress and muscle activity

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the mineral composition of bone, primarily responsible for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 11

Which type of bone is classified as thin, flattened, and slightly curved, such as the sternum?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 12

During bone fracture healing, which stage involves the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Question 13

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Haversian canal (central canal)

Question 14

A child with bowed legs and pain when walking is diagnosed with rickets. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 15

Which bone cell is actively mitotic and can differentiate into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone thickness by addition of bone matrix to the surface

Question 17

Which type of cartilage is found in the menisci of the knee and intervertebral discs, providing great tensile strength?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 18

Which hormone modulates the activity of growth hormone to ensure proper bone development?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 20

A patient with Paget’s disease has bones with a high ratio of spongy to compact bone and spotty weakening. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced mineralization and increased fracture risk

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Classification

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