Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 2

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

During adolescence, long bones grow in length primarily due to activity at which structure?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and age, assuming bone formation exceeds resorption in youth and reverses in old age?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta M = F - R$$

Question 6

A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best describes the microscopic changes in her bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased porosity and reduced density of spongy bone

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the base of the skull, including long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

A child with vitamin D deficiency presents with bowed legs. Which bone disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 9

Which bone marking is most likely to serve as a conduit for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 10

If a person becomes anemic, which type of bone marrow can convert to another type to increase blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow

Question 11

Which law explains why bones grow and remodel in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's Law

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stages of bone fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Question 13

Which type of bone is characterized by being thin, flattened, and usually curved?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 14

Which cell type acts as a stem cell for bone tissue, giving rise to other bone cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell

Question 15

A patient with sustained hypercalcemia is at risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Formation of kidney stones

Question 16

Which structure is the structural unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 17

Which equation best describes the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$[Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} = [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{initial} + \Delta Ca$$^{2+}$$_{released}$$

Question 18

Paget's disease is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth increases bone thickness

Question 20

Which genetic factor is most likely to influence bone density and osteoporosis risk later in life?

Accepted Answer

Gene for vitamin D's cellular docking

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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